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6OCB?AS9F BEF4AB6>< < 6 CDO:>9 5DBE>< @SK4 C9D98 EB5B=, «5?B>» - F4>,
KFB5O ?48BA< 5O?< A48 E9F>B= 6 @B@9AF 6OCGE>4 @SK4 <; DG> «A4C484RM97B».
«!4C484RM<9» 6OCB?ASRF 5DBE>< < ?B6?R A45<6AB7B @SK4 6 D4@>4I
7DGCCB6OI F4>F?RK4> < 6 CD98O8GM9@ GCD4:A9A<<).

75

#B6FBD< 86B9,
FDB9.
ЭF4C 6OEL97B ECBDF<6AB7B @4EF9DEF64
(<;4S CB87BFB6>4 (B5M4S < EC9J<4?PA4S)
ECB?P;G9FES CDB7D4@@AO= @4F9D<4? QF4C4 %%

<, >DB@9 FB7B,

GKB= CB87BFB6>9 E6S;GRM4K9EF69AAB@G B6?489AB@ C9D984K< @SK4
E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<;
- EB69DL9AEF6GRM<9 A46O>< 5OEFDB7B C9D9@9M9A< <
<;@9A9A<.
2. !4CD46?9AABEFP GCD4:A9A<= CD< H<;B= CB87BFB6>9 A4C484RM4K9EF69AAB@G B6?489AD9C?SRM<9 EGEF46O < E6S;><, CB869D74RM<9ES A4<5B?PL9= A47DG;>9
(7B?9ABEFBCAO9, >B?9AAO9, C?9K96O9);
- D4;6<64RM<9 CDO7GK9EFP, CDO:>B6GR 6OABE?<6BEFP, E>BDBEFP
B8J<< A4 86<:GM<=ES
B5N9>F.
3. !4CD46?9AABEFP GCD4:A9A<= CD< H<;B= CB87BFB6>9 ?<59DB:
- ECBEB5EF6GRM<9 >4K9EF69AAB@G B6?489AJ<< A4
86<:GM<=ES B5N9>F, E>BDBEFAB-EBBD84S CB87BFB6>4
B?9=5B?
ЭF4C A4K4?PAB= CB87BFB6><
9D6O= < 6FBDB= 7B8O CB87BFB6><
&9IA<>4 A4C489A< < C9D9@9M9A< BEAB6A4S (EFB=>4 7BFB6ABEF<), 6OEB>4S,
ED98ASS, A<;>4S, GEFB=K<64S, A9GEFB=K<64S; IB8P54, 597, C9D9@9M9A<9
CD4KB> 6C9D98; BEF4AB6>4
L47B@; EBK9F4A<9 EFB9> < C9D9@9M9A<=, ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<=.
2. #9D984K<: C9D984K4 @SK4 E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<: CB869L9AAB7B A4
LAGD9; A48 EB5B= - A4 @9EF9 < CBE?9 C9D9@9M9A9: ;BAO 6-3-4,6-3-2, 5- 3-4,1-3-2; C9D984K< 6 EF9CG E <;@9A9A<9@
6OEBFO < D4EEFBSAB64S); CB84K4 @SK4 6 89D:4F9?9
(CB869L9AAB7B A4 LAGD9); 6 EF9AG - D4EEFBSA<9 6-9 @, BF@9F>4 A4 6OEBF9 2 @;
K9D9; E9F>G - D4EEFBSA<9 6 @, 9 @; <;-;4 ?<,
CD46GR, ?96GR CB?B6<.
4. !4C484RM<9 G84DO: CDS@B= A4C484RM<= G84D; DB?9ASI A4 7<@A4EFB@
@4F9, EFBS G EF9AO, CB @SKG A4 D9;9;
5DBEB> F9AA>9=AB7B) @SK4 K9D9; E9F>G 6 CDO:>9 E D4;597G; G84D CB
@SKG 6 89D:4F9?9 K9D9; E9F>G 6 CDO:>9 E D4;5974; G84D K9D9; E9F>G CB @SKG,
CB85DBL9AAB@G C4DFA9DB@; G84D E C9D984K<.
&9IA<>4 ;4M< < C9D9@9M9A<@
EFB=>4@; E>BDBEFAO9 C9D9@9M9A9 < 68B?P E9F><; EBK9F4A<9
C9D9@9M9A<= E C9D9>4F4@< A4 EC4@<: CD<9@ @SK4 CBE?9 BFE>B>4 BF EF9AO
(D4EEFBSA<9 1-2 @); CBE?9 5DBE>4 C4DFA9DB@ K9D9; E9F>G (D4EEFBSA<9 4-6 @);
CD<9@ A<:A9= CDS@B= CB84K<.
3. #D<9@ EA<;G 86G@S DG>4@<: CD<9@ @SK4, A45DBL9AAB7B C4DFA9DB@ - A4
@9EF9 < CBE?9 C9D9@9M9A<@ 5?B>B@» 6 ;BA4I 3, 2, 4; «?4EF4@<» A4 >9 < 6 CDO:>9; G84DB6 CB @SKG 6 89D:4F9?9 (CB869L9AAB7B A4 LAGD9).
"D9F<= 7B8 CB87BFB6><
&9IA<>4 A4C489A< < C9D9@9M9A< 6 EBK9F4A<< E C9D9@9M9A4KB> A4;48, 6CD46B, 6?96B, BEF4AB6>4 CDO:>B@; EBK9F4A<9
C9D9@9M9A<= < F9IA< < K9D9; E9F>G;
C9D984K< <; 7?G5< 8?S A4C484RM97B G84D4; C9D984K4, EFBS EC9 A4 B8AB= ?9 (6C9D98, A48 EB5B=), 6EFD9KA4S C9D984K4 6 CDO:>9
6 ;BA4I 3-4, 3-2, 2-3.
3. "F5<64A<9 @SK4 >G?4>B@ G E9F>< 6 CDO:>9 «A4 EFBDBAG EBC9DA<>4».
4. #B84K4: A<:ASS CDS@4S, 69DIASS CDS@4S - CB8DS8 15-20 CBCOFB>; 6
?96GR < CD46GR CB?B6<, 6 84?PARR < 5?<:ARR BF E9F><
CB?B6<; EBD96AB64A<9 A4 5B?PL99 >B?G; 6 CD989?O C?BM48><
<;-;4 ?G; CB @SKG, CB85DBL9AAB@G C4DFA9DB@ (@9F4F9?PAO@
GEFDB=EF6B@); G84D <; ;BAO 4 E C9D984K< <; ;BAO 3, G84D <; ;BAO 2 E C9D984K<
<; ;BAO 3, G84D <; ;BAO 3 E C9D984K< <; ;BAO 2.
&9IA<>4 ;4M< < C9D9@9M9A< 6 EBK9F4A<< E C9D9@9M9A<@< CD<9@4@< 6
;4M4@< E A45D4EO64A4@<; A45DBL9AAB7B C4DFA9DB@ (6 C4D4I <
K9D9; E9F>G); A4CD46?9AAB7B G84DB@ (6 C4D4I < K9D9; E9F>G E CB8EF46><); 6B
6EFD9KAOI >B?BAA4I; 6 EF9AG < A48 EB5B= CBBK9D98AB @AB7B>D4FAB; CD<9@
A<:A9= CDS@B=, 69DIA9= CDS@B= CB84K<.
4. ?B>9,
FB :9, 5?B>9; 5?B>9, A4 C?BM48>9), FB :9 G84D E
C9D984K<.
#K95AB-FD9A<
&9IA<>4 A4C489A< A4 @9EF9, G E9F><, CBE?9 C9D9@9M9A<= <
BEF4AB6><; EBK9F4A<9 ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<= E BEF4AB6>4@<, CDO:>4@<,
F9IA<@< CD<9@4@<.
2. #9D984K< E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<: 6 EF9AG EFBS, E<8S, ?9:4, E <;@9A9A<9@
6OEBFO < D4EEFBSA< > E9F>9: 6 ;BA4I 2-4,4-2,6-4,6-2 (D4EEFBSA<9 4 @), 5-2, 6-4
79

(D4EEFBSA<9 6 @); EFBS EC4FB@ A4 598DB; 6C9D98 669DI 6 CDO:>9 A4 @9EF9 < CBE?9
C9D9@9M9AG?4>B@ G E9F>< EFBS < 6 CDO:>9.
3. #B84K<: A<:ASS CDS@4, 69DIASS CDS@4S - EBD96AB64A, A4 FBKABEFP 6
CD46GR, ?96GR, 84?PARR < 5?<:ARR CB?B6<, EBD96AB64AB?B= <; ;BA 4, 3,2 E
D4;?< < <; 7?G5<;
CDS@B= E?459=L9= DG>B=; E C9D96B8B@ 6CD46B <; ;BAO 2 E CB6BDBFB@ FG?B64 ;4M<: EFB=>4, E>4KB> 6CD46B, 6?96B, A4;48, C489A4FO CBE?9 C489A<= - A4 @9EF9 < CBE?9 C9D9@9M9A<=, EBK9F4A<9 ECBEB5B6
C9D9@9M9A<=, C9D9@9M9A<= < C489A<= E F9IA<@< CD<9@4@< ;4M4@< A<:A9= CB84K<, 69DIA9= CDS@B=
CB84K< (D4EEFBSA<9 6-8 @); CD<9@ @SK4 EA<;G 86G@S DG>4@< A<:AG 6 CDO:>9; A4C484RM97B G84D4
6 C4D4I, K9D9; E9F>G A4 FBKABEFP; E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@< E CBE?98GRM<@
C489A<9@, EA<;G B8AB= DG>B= E 6OC48B@ 6 EFBDBAG E CBE?98GRM<@ C489A<9@ <
C9D9>4FB@ C4 598DB (CD46B= 6CD46B, ?96B= 6?96B); CD<9@ BFE>BK<6L97B BF E9F><
@SK4.
3. ?B>9,
A4C484RM<= G84D CB @SKG 6 89D:4F9?9, CB85DBL9AAB@G C4DFA9DB@ < E
C9D984K<; 5?B>9 E C?BM48><; 5?B><
&9IA<>4 A4C489AE<@4?PAB=
E>BDBEF<; EBK9F4A<9 ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<@<
CD<9@4@< A4C489A4@<:
- A4 FBKABEFP E EB5EF69AAB7B CB85D4EO64A< 8?S A4C484RM97B G84D4 6 ;BA4I 2-4,4-2,6-4 A4 D4EEFBSA<9 8B 6 @; 6
;BA4I 5-2,1 -4 A4 D4EEFBSA<9 8B 7-8 @; EFBS EC4I 6 ;BA4I: 6-3-2, 6-3-4, 5-3-2, 1-3-4, <;
7?G5< - E EB5EF69AAB7B CB85D4EO64A4FB@ A4 EC9 (669DI A4;48): 4) E EB5EF69AAB7B CB85D4EO64A<.
- K9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 C9D984K< @SK4: E69DIG, E69DIG E C489A<9@, 6
CDO:>9; BF5<64A<9 >G?4>B@; C9D984K<, D4;?), E D4;?G 6 FD< CDB8B?PAO9 ;BAO: 6-3,1-2,5-4, 5?<:9 > 5B>B6O@ <
?B64S
CB84K4 E EB5?R89A<9@ CD46); CB84K< 6 CD46GR <
?96GR CB?B6<; EBD96AB64A<9 A4 5B?PL99 >B?B= <; ;BA 4,3,2; E D4;?BDBF>9; <; ;BA 4 < 2 E
C9D984K< A4;48 ;4 7B?B6G; G84D E C9D96B8B@ 6CD46B E CB6BDBFB@ FG?B64»
(<@ <7DB>, EFBS A4 CB8EF46>9); <@G 86G@S DG>4@<, <@B= <; ;BA 2,3,4 CB
@SKG, A45DBL9AAB@G C4DFA9DB@, <; ;BA 2,3E C9D984K< <; EBE98A9= ;BAO (3-2,43); A4C484RM<9 G84DO E G84?9AAOI BF E9F>< C9D984K.
&9IA<>4 ;4M<: EBK9F4A<9 ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<=, C489A<= <
EFB9> E F9IA<@< CD<9@4@< <7DO 6 ;4ME<@4?PAB=
E>BDBEF< < K9D98B64A<9 4@< <
6OCB?A9A<9@ CD<9@4 @SK4.
2. #D<9@ @SK4: E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<, A<:A9= < 69DIA9= CDS@B= CB84K, BF
A4C484RM97B G84D4 6 C4D4I A4 @9EF9 < K9D9; E9F>G (EFBS A4 CB8EF46>9); CD<9@
EA<;G 86G@S DG>4@< A<:A9= CB84K<, C9D64S C9D984K4 A4 FBKABEFP; 69DIA9=
CDS@B= CB84K< < C9D64S C9D984K4 6 ;BAG A4C489AB6B= CB84K<; BF C9D984K< K9D9; E9F>G 6 CDO:>9; EA<;G B8AB= DG>B=
CD46B=, ?96B= 6 C4D4I, G E9F><, BF E9F><, E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@< E C489A<9@ 6
EFBDBAG A4 598DB < C9D9>4FB@ A4 ECG,
C9D984K4 6 CDO:>9 K9D9; E9F>G; CD<9@ CB84K<; A4C484RM97B G84D4; CD<9@
EA<;G 86G@S DG>4@< E C489A<9@ < C9D9>4FB@ 6 EFBDBAG A4 598DB 6 C4D4I; CD<9@
82

EA<;G CB84K<, A4C484RM97B G84D4; CD<9@ B8AB= DG>B= E C489A<9@ 6 EFBDBAG A4
598DB < C9D9>4FB@ A4 EC<, BF
E9F><; CD<9@ CB84K<, A4C4846L97B G84D4; K9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 CD<9@4 @SK4 6
;46BDBEF< CB?9F4 @SK4.
3. ?B>9 < 6 CDO:>9 E C?BM48><; G84DB6 <; B8AB= ;BAO
6 86GI A4CD46?9A9 < 6 CDO:>9 E C?BM48><; G84DB6 E
C9D96B8B@ 6CD46B (6 ;BA4I 3,4,2), EFBS C4 CB8EF46>9, 6 CDO:>9 E C?BM48><
G84DO E C9D984K<; 7DGCCB6B9 5?B>9, < 6 CDO:>9 E C?BM48><.
'9F69DFO= 7B8 CB87BFB6><
&9IA<>4 A4C489A< < C9D9@9M9A, C489A<= < CDO:>B6 6 BF69F A4 E<7A4?O; EBK9F4A<9 EFB9>,
ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<= E F9IA<@< CD<9@4@<.
2. #9D984K< @SK4: G E9F>< E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<, D4;?BDBF><9, ED98A<9, 8?<9,
ED98A<9, 6OEB><9, EBK9F4A<9 C9D984K <; 7?G5<, EFBS ? A4C484RM9@G; <@G
86G@S DG>4@<, <@9 K9D9; E9F>G 6 ;BAG
A4C489A9;
A4C484RM<= G84D E C9D96B8B@ 6?96B E CB6BDBFB@ FG?B6B= <; ;BA
2,3,4E D4;?B6B= A4C484RM<= G84D EB= <; ;BA
4,3; A4C484RM<= G84D E C9D96B8B@ 6CD46B 59; CB6BDBF4 FG?B64 ;4M<@< CD<9@4@< <7DO 6 ;4M4@<,
C9D9@9M9A<= E 5?B>4@< BF CB84K < A4C484RM4@< 69DIAB= (CD46B=, ?96B=)
CBC9D9@9AAB G E9F>< < BF E9F>< CBE?9 C9D9@9M9A<
&9IA<>4 A4C489A< < C9D9@9M9AB6 C9D9@9M9AE<@4?PAB= E>BDBEF<, EBK9F4A<9 E BEF4AB6>4@<,
CDO:>4@<, BF69FAO9 89=EF64@< D4;?<; <; 7?G5< 8?S A4C484RM97B
G84D4, D4;?4RM<@< 89=EF64@<, FG?B69 CBE?9 <@<8>4) A4;48 6
EBE98ARR ;BAG; E CBE?98GRM<@ C489A<9@ - A4 FBKABEFP <; 7?G5<
> E9F>9.
3. #B84K<: 69DIASS CDS@4S 6 84?PA<9 < 5?<:A<9 ;BAO; 5B>B64S CB84K4,
CB8DS8 20 CBCOFB>; 6 869 CDB8B?PAO9 ;BAO 6-3, 1-2, A4 EB?B= <; ;BA 4, 3,2 E D4;?BDBF><9, ED98A<9,
8?<9, ED98A<9, 6OEB><9) E G84?9AAOI BF E9F>< C9D984K, E
C9D984K< 6 CDO:>9 A4;48 (;4 7B?B6G), E C9D984K E CBE?98GRM<@ C489A<9@;
<@G (E><8>4) 86G@S DG>4@< <
84

B8AB=; A4C484RM<= G84D E C9D96B8B@ E CB6BDBFB@ FG?B6B=; G84D E C9D984K A4;48 (;4 7B?B6G), E G84?9AAOI BF E9F><
C9D984K; 5B>B6B= A4C484RM<= G84D EB= E D4;?< C9D984K; A4C484RM<= G84D E
C9D96B8B@ 6?96B 59; CB6BDBF4 FG?B6<).
&9IA<>4 ;4M< < C9D9@9M9A, ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<= <
C489A<= E F9IA<@< CD<9@4@< <7DO 6 ;4M4@<, C9D9@9M9A<= E 5?B>4@<: BF5<64A<9 @SK4
EB@>AGFO@< >4FB@ A4
EC4@< E C489A<9@ 6 EFBDBAG A4 598DB
< C9D9>4FB@ A4 ECB= E C489A<9@ 6 EFBDBAG A4 598DB <
C9D9>4FB@ A4 EC4@< < B8AB= DG>B=
E C489A<9@ 6C9D98 A4 DG>< < C9D9>4FB@ A4 7DG8P; K9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 CD<9@4
@SK4 6 ;46BDBEF< CB?9F4 @SK4, ED98EF64
A4C489A4 A4C489A< < C9D9@9M9A< < C9D9@9M9A<@< CD<9@4@<
A4C489AE<@4?PAB= E>BDBEF< 6
EBK9F4A<< E BEF4AB6>4@<, CDO:>4@<, EFB=>4@<.
#9D984K4 @SK4
1. #9D984K4 @SK4 E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@< (EFBS ?
A4CD46?9A< < <; 7?G5< 6 EF4FB@ CB?B:9A<<, CBE?9
C9D9@9M9A4@< E BF6?9>4RM<@< 89=EF64@< 6 ;BA9 A4C489A<.
4. #9D984K4 @SK4 6 CDO:>9 CBE?9 <@<8B> 6C9D98 < A4;48.
5. #9D984K< @SK4 E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<, D4;?< < <; 7?G5<.
6. #9D984K4 @SK4 B8AB= DG>B= E69DIG 6C9D98, A4;48, EFBS A4 C?BM48>9, 6
CDO:>9.
#B84K4 @SK4
1. 9DIASS CDS@4S CB84K4 A4 FBKABEFP E @4>E<@4?PAB= E9.
4. +9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 CB84K 6 EBK9F4A<< E FD95B64AB= <;
;BA 4, 3, 2 E D4;?G - ;4 5B>B6GR ?-4GF).
86

4. !4C484RM<= G84D E C9D96B8B@ 6CD46B, 6?96B 59; CB6BDBF4 FG?B64, 6OIB8SM97B E
;48A9= ? E9F>9.
7. @4@<, B8AB= DG>B= 6
CDO:>9 (8?S E6S;GRM<8>4 86G@S DG>4@< < B8AB= DG>B=
A4 C9D98ARR < ;48ARR ?4 ;4M9 5?B>4 A4C489A<
1. %BK9F4A<9 C9D9@9M9A<= < EFB9> E F9IA<@< CD<9@4@< A4C489AE<@4?PAB= E>BDBEF<, GE>BD9A<,
EBK9F4A<9 EFB9>, ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<= E BEF4AB6>4@<, CDO:>4@<.
#9D984K4 @SK4
1. #9D984K< @SK4 E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@< 6 BCBDAB@ CB?B:9A<< G E9F><
?B@ < EC<.
2. #9D984K4 @SK4 E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@< <; 7?G5< CBE?9
C9D9@9M9A<

87

3. #9D984K4 @SK4 86G@S DG>4@< E69DIG 6 CDO:>9 ? E9F>9 CBE?9
<@4K9EF6B CD< 6OEB>B= FBKABEF< 6OCB?A9A9.
!4C484RM<9 G84DO
1. #DS@B= A4C484RM<= G84D CB IB8G < E C9D96B8B@ E D4;?BDBEF< C9D984K.
2. !4C484RM<9 G84DO E <;@9A9A<9@ A4CD46?9A4RM<@< 89=EF6B=, CBE?9 ;4@4I4 8DG7B=.
4. #DS@B= A4C484RM<= G84D E?459=L9= DG>B= 6 ;BA9 2 < 3.
&9IA<>4 ;4M<
1. %BK9F4A<9 EFB9>, ECBEB5B6 C9D9@9M9A<= < C489A<= E F9IA<@<
CD<9@4@<.
2. %BK9F4A<9 C9D9@9M9A<= E B84K9EF6B 6OCB?A9AB= E C489A<9@ 6 EFBDBAG A4 598DB (CD46B9,
?96B9) E C9D9>4FB@ K9D9; C?9KB (CD46B9, ?96B9).
5. #D<9@ @SK4 CBE?9 D4;?< < C9D9>4FB@ A4 7DG8P (RABL<).
7. +9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 CD<9@4 @SK4 6 ;46BDBEF< CB?9F4 @SK4.
?B>4 A4C489A<
1. !489:ABEFP < E>BDBEFP C9D9@9M9A4 CB A4CD46?9A< < <;
7?G5<).
2. #9D984K4 @SK4 6 CDO:>9, EFBS 5B>B@, ? E9F>9.
3. #9D984K4 @SK4 B8AB= DG>B= 6 CDO:>9 6C9D98 B= C9D984K< 6 G8B5AB@ A4CD46?9A<< 8?S
G84D4.
#B84K4 @SK4
1. %B69DL9AAB9 B6?489A<9 BEAB6AO@ ECBEB5B@ CB84K< (8?S 84AAB7B
B5GK4RM97BES). !489:AB9 6OCB?A9A<9 8DG74S A489:ABEFP A46O>B6 BEAB6AOI ECBEB5B6
A4C484RMB=. #DS@B= A4C484RM<= G84D E?459=L9=
DG>B=. ?S E6S;GRM4 ;4M4I FB7B 4DE9A4?4 A4C484RM4I 7DGCCB6OI F4>F4S CB87BFB6>4 E6S;GRMB6
1FB CD9:89 6E97B EB69DL9AEF6B64A<9 A46O>B6 C9D984K< @SK4 E69DIG
86G@S DG>4@<, 4 F4>:9 CB84K<, 5?B>B= FBKABEF<,
EF45 E9F>9 CB?B:9A<=, EBK9F4S  @SKG. 4:AB A4GKDO64FP E6B< A4@9D9A4RM<9 89=EF6B@9A8G9@O9 GCD4:A9A EFBG84 6OIB8 CBEO?49F @SK 6 ;BAG 3, >G84
6OIB8B C9D984K< E6S;GRM9@G <7DB>G
6OCB?ASRFES <; ;BAO 2.
3. &D< <7DB>4 D4ECB?474RFES 6 ;BA4I 4, 3 < 2, B8 <; ;BAO 6 E CDBF<6BCB?B:AB= C?BM48>< CBEO?49F @SK K9D9;
E9F>G B8AB@G <; «A4C484RM E9F>9 < 6OCB?AS9F
C9D984KG (6 BCD989?9AAGR ;BAG < E ;484AAB= 6OEBFB=) «A4C484RM9@G»,
>BFBDO= C9D984K9= 6 CDO:>9 A4CD46?S9F @SK <7DB>G 6 ;BAO A4
CDBF<6BCB?B:AB= C?BM48>9. *<>? CB6FBDS9FES: CB84K4, CD<9@ CB84K<, 6OIB8
E6S;GRM97B < C9D984K4 @SK4 <7DB>G C9D98A9= ?4:8B= C9D984K< A4
G84D.
4. OCB?A9A<9 GCD4:A9A<= 6 EBK9F4A<< «E6S;GRM<=-A4C484RM<=», F. 9.
6E9 C9D984K< > E9F>9 ;469DL4RFES A4C484RM<@ G84DB@. 4K9EF6B C9D984K<
BJ9A<649FES CB D9;G?PF4F<6ABEF< A4C484RM4S CB87BFB6>4 A4C484RMB6
'CD4:A9A< A4C484RMGRMG84 6>?RK4RF < 4F4>GRM<9 G84DO.
$9>B@9A8G9@O9 GCD4:A9A4. ?B>DO649F 5?B>B@ BCD989?9AAO9 A4CD46?9AGRM
A4C484RM9@G, 6 BCBDAB@ CB?B:9A<<, 6 CDO:>9).
3. !4C489A<9 6 ;BA4I 2, 3, 4 CD< A4?4:
5?B>9, EB;8464S D4;?9.
&9IA4S CB87BFB6>4 ?<59DB
<59DB ;4@9AS9F ?R5B7B <7DB>4 A4 ;48A9= ?J9.
#D< EB69DL9AEF6B64A<< <7DO 6 ;4MG
CB6OL9AAB7B Q@BJF<6AOI 89=EF6<= E4@B7B ?<59DB, 4 F4>:9
D4;ABB5D4;4K9EF6B 6FBDB= C9D984K< < ;BAG 4F4>< ?<59DB >BAJ9AFD4, CBEFBSAAB A4IB8SEP 6 86<:9A<<,
> @B@9AFG G84D4 CB @SKG BCD989?S9F CB?B:9A<9 DG> 5?B>B=
91

< A4 BEAB69 CB?GK9AAB= :9 GKG) ;4A<@49F @9EFB 8?S 6EFD9K< E
@SKB@. "8A<@ <; CD46B@.
B:9F 5OFP 8B7B6BD9AABEFP E 5?B>4@< 3 BF>DOFP (DOFP) FB BAFDB?P ;4 @SKB@ (A9 6OCGE>4FP @SK <;
CB?S ;D9AB@9A8G9@O9 GCD4:A9AB= 8B
E6S;GRM97B.
2. 64 A4C484RM4 E @SK4@< A4IB8SFES 6 ;BA4I 4, 2 < CBBK9D98AB
A4ABESF G84DO 6 ;BAG 1(5), 789 ;4M CDG, ;4M A4IB8 CDBFBDO= 6OCB?AS9F A4C484RM<= G84D 6 A97B, <
CDF4S CB87BFB6>4
B?9=5B?
ЭF4C A4K4?PAB= CB87BFB6><
9D6O= < 6FBDB= 7B8O CB87BFB6><
&4>F<>4 A4C489AG84 < >G84); 6O5BD @9EF4
8?S 6OCB?A9A<; 8?S BF5<64AG, EFBS
86G@S DG>4@< E69DIG, EA<;G, 6 CDO:>9¸ 86G@S < B8AB= DG>B=; 6FBD4S C9D984K4
<; ;BAO 3 <7DB>G, > >BFBDB@G C9D984RM<= B5D4M9A ?G A4
«E6B5B8AB9» @9EFB, A4 <7DB>4, E?45B 6?489RM97B CD<9@B@ @SK4.
2. DGCCB6O9 89=EF6B6 ;BA 4 < 2 E <7DB>B@
;BAO 3 CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9; <7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4 < 2 CD< 6FBDB=
C9D984K9; <7DB>B6 ;48A9= < C9D98A9= ?B6 ;BA
6,5, 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 3 (2) CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF6B@
C9D98A9= ?G ;BAO 4 (2).
&4>F<>4 ;4MB@ K9D9; E9F>G, CD< 5?B>9 C4DFA9D4, CD4 - E69DIG B6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K< <
C9D984K<: <7DB>B6 ;BA 1 < 5 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 6; <7DB>4 ;BAO 6 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 5 <
1; <7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4 < 2; <7DB>B6 ;BA 5,1,6 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4 < 2
CD< CD<9@9 CB84K< < E C9D984K< (B5@4AO); <7DB>B6 ;BA 4 < 2 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 6.
93

3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF6B6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<, CD<
EF<>4 A4C489AG 3 A4C484RM<@ G84DB@, C9D984K9= 6
CDO:>9, >G?4>B@, EA<;G (? E9F>9); 6FBD4S C9D984K4 <; ;BAO 3
<7DB>G, > >BFBDB@G C9D984RM<= B5D4M9A EC4, E?45B
6?489RM97B CD<9@B@ CB84K<.
2. DGCCB6O9 89=EF6B6
;BA 3,4 < 2; CD< 6FBDB= C9D984K9 <7DB>B6 ;BA 3,4,2; 6;4<@B89=EF6<9 CD< C9D6B=
C9D984K9 <7DB>B6 ;BA 6, 5,1 < 3,4,2 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF6B6
C9D98A9= ?F<>4 ;4M4 CD< 5?B> A48 E9F>B=; CD< EFD4IB6>9 C4DFA9D4,
CDG EBC9DA<>B@ (E69DIG, EA<;G).
2. DGCCB6O9 89=EF6B6 6AGFD< ?9.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF64 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<, >B784 6FBDGR
C9D984KG 6OCB?AS9F <7DB> ;BAO 3; <7DB> ;BAO 2; <7DB> ;BAO 4,

94

C9D9@9M4RM<=ES 6 ;BAG 3; E<
&4>F<>4 A4C489A< ?< - ?4, E?45B 6?489RM97B CD<9@B@
CB84K<, 6OL98L97B A4 ;4@9AG; 6O5BD ECBEB54 C9D95<64AG
(C9D984K9= E69DIG, EFBS 9), EA<;G (? E9F>9); 6FBD4S
C9D984K4  A4C484RM9@G; 6FBD4S
C9D984K4 A4C484RM9@G, EG.
2. DGCCB6O9 89=EF6B6 C9D98A9= ?4 ;BAO 2 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 3 < 4); <7DB>B6 ;48A9= <
C9D98A9= ?B6 ;BA 6, 5, 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 3 (2) CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9).
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF64 C9D98A9=
? >BFBDB@G C9D984RM<= B5D4M9A ?F<>4 ;4MB6B=; CD< 5?B>9 C4DFA9D4, CD4@< E C489A<9@);
ECBEB54 CD<9@4 @SK4 BF B5@4AAOI A4C484RMB6 ;48A9= ?B6 C9D98A9= ?B6 ;BAO 6 E 5?B>B@ ;BAO 3 <
EFD4IGRM<@< <7DB>4@< ;BA 4 < 2; <7DB>B6 ;BA 4 < 2 (EBBF69FEF69AAB) CD<
CD<9@9 A4C484RMB6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<,
>B784 6FBDGR C9D984KG 6OCB?AS9F 4) <7DB> ;BAO 3, 5) <7DB> ;BAO 4, 4 <7DB>
;BAO 3 BFFSAGF A4;48, 6) <7DB> ;BAO 2 G E9F><, 4 <7DB> ;BAO 3 BFFSAGF <
A4IB8< 4 < 2 <8GF A4 6FBDGR
C9D984KG 6 ;BAG 3, 4 <7DB> ;BAO 3 EBBF69FEF69AAB 6 ;BAG 4 < 2 8?S A4C484RM97B
G84D4; E<
&4>F<>4 A4C489A< < <; 7?G5< 8?S A4C484RM97B G84D4, 8?S
6OCB?A9AB6, E?45B 6?489RM4@< CD<9@4 @SK4; 6OL98LG A4C484RM<@ G84DB@, C9D984K9= E69DIG 86G@S DG>4@<,
>G?4>B@, EA<;G; 6FBD4S C9D984K4 A4C484RM9@G, E A9@G); <@G) 6 CDO:>9; <@9
86G@S DG>4@< K9D9; E9F>G; K9D98B64A<9 ECBEB5B6 A4C484RM97B G84D4 - CDS@B=,
C9D96B8 EB=.
2. DGCCB6O9 89=EF6B6 C9D98A9= ?4 ;BAO 4 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 2, <7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>B@ ;BA
4 < 2 6 GE?B6F9DG C9D6OI < 6FBDOI C9D984K; <7DB>4
;BAO 2 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 3 < 4 6 GE?B6B6 C9D98A9= < ;48A9= ?B6 ;BA 6, 5 < 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 3 (CD< CD<9@9 @SK4 A4 ;48A9= ?< BF CB84K< < A4C484RM97B G84D4); <7DB>B6 ;BA 6,1 < 5 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO
2 CD< CD<9@9 69DIA4I - 8?S
A4C484RM97B G84D4 9.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF64 C9D98A9= ? A4C484RM9@G; CD<9@ 69DIA9=
5B>B6B= CB84K< < C9D64S C9D984K4 6 ;BAG 3, 6FBD4S C9D984K4 <7DB>G, >
>BFBDB@G C9D984RM<= EFBB784 @SK EBC9DA<> A4CD46?S9F K9D9; E9F>G 59; G84D4.
&4>F<>4 ;4MG 6
CDO:>9 (K9D98B64A<9); CD< EFD4IB6>9 C4DFA9D4, CD9 < CD< B5@4AAOI CD<9@4I A4C489ADO64A<9» QFB7B
A4CD46?9AB6 ;48A9= ?B6
;BA 1,6,5 @9:8G EB5B= CD< CD<9@9 FDG8AOI @SK9= BF CB84K, A4C4846LB6 C9D98A9= ?B6, A9 GK4EF6GRMB6
CD< 5?B>B6
;48A9= < C9D98A9= ?4 ;BAO 6 E 5?B>4 ;BAO 6 E A9 GK4EF6GRM<@< 6
5?B>B6 ;BA 1 < 5 E A9 GK4EF6GRM<@< 6 5?B>B6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K
D4;? ;BAO 3 < 2; D4ECB?B:9A<9 <7DB>B6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<, >B784 <7DB> ;BAO
4 EFB<, 4 <7DB> ;BAO 3 BFFSAGF < A4IB8 ;BAO 4 <89F A4 6FBDGR C9D984KG 6 ;BAG 3, 4 <7DB> ;BAO 3 <7D49F 6
A4C489A<< 6 ;BA9 4; FB :9, AB 6 ;BA4I 3 < 2 (K9D98B64A<9 QFB6 CD< CD<9@9 @SK4 BF EBC9DA<>4 «G7?B@
6C9D98» (K9D98B64A<9 >B@4A8AOI 89=EF6<= 6 EBBF69FEF6<< E CDB7D4@@B= 8?S
84AAB7B 7B84 B5GK9A?RK9A<9 BF ;4M A4C484RM<@ EB 6FBDB= C9D984K< K9D9; <7DB>4 C9D98A9= ?<
&4>F<>4 A4C489A9 < 6 CDO:>9; 8?S
A4C484RM97B G84D4 (E D4;?< < <; 7?G5<); K9D98B64A<9 CB84K 6 84?PA<9 < 5?<:A<9 ;BAO, A4 E4, E?45B 6?489RM97B A46O>4@< CD<9@4,
6OL98L97B CBE?9 ;4@9AO; 6FBD4S C9D984K4 A4C484RM9@G, EG A4 ?4RM4@<, FG?B6G) A4 @9EF9 < 6 CDO:>9
(5B>B@ < EC9 K9D9; E9F>G (6 ;BAG A4C489A4 ;BAO 4 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 2
CD< 6FBDB= C9D984K9; <7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4 < 2 CD< E>D9EFAB@
C9D9@9M9A<< 6 ;BA4I - <; J9AFD4 A4 >D4= E9F>< (CD< 6FBDB= C9D984K9); <7DB>4
;BAO 3 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 4 6 GE?B6B6 ;BA 6 < 5 E <7DB>B@, 6OIB8SM<@ > E9F>9 <; ;BAO 1. ;4<@B89=EF6<9
98

<7DB>B6 ;BA 6, 5 < 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 3 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K A4 EB6 ;BA 6, 5 < 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 4 (CD< CD<9@9
CB84K< - 8?S 6FBDB= C9D984K<, 6 8B<7DB6>9 - 8?S G84D4; <7DB>B6 ;BA 4,3 < 2 E
<7DB>B@ ;BAO 1, 6OIB8SM<@ > E9F>9 (CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9); <7DB>4,
6OIB8SM97B <; ;BAO 1 CD< 6FBDB= C9D984K9 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4, 3 < 2.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF64 C9D98A9= ? A<@;
5) 6 ;BAG 4 < 2 (K9D98B64A<9), 6FBD4S C9D984K4 6 ;BAO 3 < 2 (3 < 4);
6) 6 ;BAG 2, 6FBD4S - A4;48 ;4 7B?B6G, 789 A4C484RM<= G84D 6OCB?AS9F
<7DB> ;BAO 3;
EG ;BAO 1, 6OL98L9@G > E9F>9,
6FBD4S C9D984K4 A4C484RM9@G, > >BFBDB@G C9D984RM<= B5D4M9A ?F<>4 ;4M9
5?B>B6 C9D98A9= ?4 ;BAO 3, A9
GK4EF6GRM97B 6 5?B>4@< ;BA 2 < 4; <7DB>B6
;48A9= ?4 <7DB>B6, CD< < 6OIB8SMB6 ;48A9= <
C9D98A9= ?4I EB6 CD<
CD<9@9 CB84K< D4;?B784 6FBDGR C9D984KG 6OCB?AS9F <7DB> ;BAO 3,2 (<7DB> ;BAO
3 BFFSAGF A4;48);
<7DB> ;BAO 2 (4) EFB<, 4 <7DB> ;BAO 3 BFFSAGF < A4IB8 ;BAO 2 (4) <89F A4 6FBDGR C9D984KG 6 ;BAG 3, 4 <7DB>
;BAO 3 <7D49F 6 A4C489A<< 6 ;BA9 2 (4);
C9D984K4 6 ;BAG 2, EFBS EC A4C484RM9@G; D4ECB?B:9A<9 <7DB>B6
CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<, >B784 6OIB8 > E9F>9 BEGM9EF6?S9F <7DB> ;BAO 1 <;-;4
<7DB>4;
EB6 CD< CD<9@9 @SK4 BF EBC9DA<>4
«G7?B@ A4;48», E CD<@9A9A<9@ 7DGCCB6OI 89=EF6<= CB CDB7D4@@9 84AAB7B 7B84
B5GK9A?RK9A<9 6 64D<4AF4I CBEFDB9AF9DB@ A4C4846L<
&4>F<>4 A4C489A4, E?45B 6?489RM97B
A46O>4@< CD<9@4 @SK4, 6OL98L97B CBE?9 ;4@9AO, 6 ;BAG 1 CD< 6OIB89
E6S;GRM97B <7DB>4 <; QFB= ;BAO;
<@G) A4 @9EF9 (E
CD<@9A9A<9@ BF6?9>4RM9;
<@9 (BF><8>4) 6C9D98 <8>4» B8AB= DG>B= 6 ;BAG A4C489A4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 4, <7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E <7DB>B@
;BAO 2 - 6 CDO:>9; EFBS A4 C?BM48>9 - E BF6?9>4RM<@< 89=EF64 ;BAO 2 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 3 6 CDO:>9 - BF><8>4, <7DB>4 ;BAO 2 E
<7DB>B@ ;BAO 4 (E BF6?9>4RM<@< 89=EF64 ;BAO 2 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 3 < 4 (CD< E>D9EFAB@ C9D9@9M9A<< 6
;BA4I);
<7DB>B6 ;BA 2,3,4 6 8B<7DB6>9 CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9 A4 G84D;
<7DB>B6 ;BA 5 < 1 E <7DB>B@, 6OIB8SM<@ > E9F>9 <; ;BAO 6 (CD< C9D6B=
C9D984K9); <7DB>4, 6OIB8SM97B > E9F>9 <; ;BAO 1, E <7DB>4@< ;BA 6 < 5 CD<
6FBDB= C9D984K9 A4 106 G84D E ;48A9= ?B6 ;BA 6,5 < 1 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 3,2, 4 CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9 8?S G84D4
< BF><8><, 8?S 6FBDB= C9D984K<; <7DB>4 ;BAO 2 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 6 < 5 CD< 6FBDB=
C9D984K9 A4 G84D E ;48A9= ?4, 6OIB8SM97B > E9F>9 <; ;BAO 1(6) E <7DB>4@< ;BA 4, 3 < 2 CD<
6FBDB= C9D984K9.
3. B@4A8AO9 89=EF64 C9D98A9= ?9 < EFBS A4 C?BM48>9 E BF6?9>4RM<@< 89=EF6 ;BAO 3;
6 8B<7DB6>9 < A9E
6OCB?AS9F A4C484RM<= G84D; C9D64S C9D984K4 6 ;BAO 2, 3,4, 789 <7DB>

101

<@<8>G: <; ;BAO 2 - 6 ;BAO 3, 4; <;
;BAO 3 - 6 ;BAO 4 < 2 EC A4C484RM9@G;
EG
;BA 1(6), 6OL98L9@G > E9F>9, 6FBD4S C9D984K4 A4C484RM9@G, > >BFBDB@G
6OIB8SM<= B5D4M9A ?F<6AO); 6 8B<7DB6>9 C9D984K4
A4 6OIB8SM97B < 6OCB?A9A<9 F4>FB@5F<>4 ;4M9 (6 D4@>4I <;GK9AAOI 7DGCCB6OI 89=EF6<=);
6O5BD @9EF4, BCD989?9A<9 A4CD46?9A4 DG> CD< B8B6 ;BA 5 < 1 E <7DB>B@ ;BAO 6 6 D4@>4I E9 < CD< CD<9@9 @SK4 BF A4C484RM4 ;BAO 6 E <7DB>4@< ;BA 1 < 5 6 D4@>4I EB6 ;BA 3 < 2, 3 < 4; 2,3,4 CD< 5?B>4 ;BAO 4, A9
GK4EF6GRM97B 6 5?B>4@< ;BA 3 < 2 (CD<9@
@SK4 BF G84D4 4);
<7DB>4 ;BAO 2, A9 GK4EF6GRM97B 6 5?B>4@< ;BA 3 < 4 (CD<9@ G84D4 < EFD4IB6>4);
<7DB>4 ;BAO 3 E 5?B>B@ ;BAO 2 4 ;BAO 6 E 5?B>4@< ;BA 4 < 3, 2 < 3; 4, 3, 2 (CD<
ED4=AB6 A4 EFD4IB6>9 E 5?B>4@<;
<7DB>B6 ;BA 1, 6, 5 E 5?B>4I EB6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K<, >B784 6FBDGR C9D984KG
6OCB?AS9F <7DB> C9D98A9= ?B784 6OIB8 > E9F>9 BEGM9EF6?S9F <7DB> ;48A9=
?4;
E4 «G7?B@ 6C9D98»
(64DPF9DG CBEFDB9AB@);
CD< CD<9@9 @SK4 BF EBC9DA<>4 «G7?B@ A4;48», >B784 EFD4IB6>G
5?B>D4=A<= ;4M (64D<4AFO 7DGCCB6OI
89=EF6<=);
EBK9F4A<9 (K9D98B64A<9) E<
&4>F<>4 A4C489A<8>4.
3. @9 < A4C484RM<= G84D.
4. +9D98B64A<9 C9D984K< (E6S;GRM<@) ?9, CBE?9 <@4, 6OL9
5?B>4.
DGCCB6O9 89=EF6F<9 >B@5D9EFAO@ C9D9@9M9A<9@ <7DB>B6 6 ;BA4I
(6FBDGR C9D984KG 6OCB?AS9F <7DB>, 6OIB8SM<= E ;48A9= ?F<9 >B@5B6 ;48A9=
?F<>4 <7DO 6 A4C489A<< EB 6FBDB= C9D984K< 6OIB8SM<@ > E9F>9
<7DB>B@ ;48A9= ?4.
2. 4D<4AFO EB@
C9D98A9= ?B@
C9D98A9= ?F<>4 ;4MF9D9 C9D984K, E
>BFBDOI 6OCB?AS9FES A4C484RM<= G84D: 6OEB><9, A<;><9, <; 7?G5<.
2. O5BD 89=EF64 A4 ;48A9= ?B6 ;48A9= ?B6, A9 ;4ASFOI 6
5?B>4@<, CD< EB6 ;48A9= ?B6, A9 ;4ASFOI 6
5?B>4@<, CD< EB6 CD< CD<9@9 CB84K< CD< E4 C9D98A9= ?<8>4),
K9D9; <7DB>4, 6OIB8SM97B E ;48A9= ?B@C?9>FB64A<< >B@4A8O 4+2, 5+1.
2. %B6 6 ;BA4I.

104

FBDB= 7B8 CB87BFB6><
&4>F<>4 A4C489AF9D4
C9D6B= C9D984K< < D4ECB?B:9AB= 6 D4;5979 < CDO:>9 E @9EF4.
4. !4C484RM<= G84D BF 5?B>4, K9D9; E?45B7B 5?B>4,
E GK9FB@ EB6 ;BA 3, 2, 4 @9:8G EB5B= 6 D4@>4I E4 C9D98A9= ?B6 ;BA 3, 2, 4 @9:8G EB5B= 6 D4@>4I E<8>< (5B>B@ < EC E9F>9) EB 6FBDB=
C9D984K<.
3. ;4<@B89=EF6B6 ;BA 4, 3, 2 @9:8G EB5B= 6 D4@>4I E4 (6OCB?A9A<9 A4C484RM<, E>D9EFAO9 C9D9@9M9AB6 ;BA 1, 6, 5 @9:8G EB5B= CD< C9D6B= C9D984K9 6
GE?B6B6 <; ;BA 1, 6, 5.
5. ;4<@B89=EF6B6, 6OIB8SMB6 ;BA 1, 6, 5, 6OIB8SM E9F>9, E <7DB>4@<
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40

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